Occupy-Your-Mind

• Measuring transient X-rays with lobster eyes
  A technology that mimics the structure of a lobster’s eyes is now being applied to a new instrument that could help revolutionize X-ray astronomy and keep astronauts safe on the International Space Station.
• Google goes cancer: Search engine algorithm finds cancer biomarkers
  The strategy used by Google to decide which pages are relevant for a search query can also be used to determine which proteins in a patient’s cancer are relevant for the disease progression.
• Ancient giant turtle fossil was size of Smart car
  Picture a turtle the size of a Smart car, with a shell large enough to double as a kiddie pool. Paleontologists have found just such a specimen — the fossilized remains of a 60-million-year-old South American giant that lived in what is now Colombia.
• Damaged connections in Phineas Gage’s brain: Famous 1848 case of man who survived accident has modern parallel
  In 1848, Phineas Gage survived an accident that drove an iron rod through his head. Researchers, for the first time, used images of Gage’s skull combined with modern-day brain images to suggest there was extensive damage to the white matter “pathways” that connected various regions of his brain.
• Listening to chickens could improve poultry production
  Listening to squawks and other chicken “vocalizations” using digital signal processing techniques may help farmers better manage growing conditions, contributing to both healthier birds and more productive poultry operations.
• Human genes transplanted into zebrafish: Helps identify genes related to autism, schizophrenia and obesity
  Researchers have transplanted a set of human genes into a zebrafish and then used it to identify genes responsible for head size at birth. This finding also is related to some cases of autism and possibly schizophrenia and childhood obesity.
• People with paralysis control robotic arms to reach and grasp using brain computer interface
  Two people with tetraplegia were able to reach for and grasp objects in three-dimensional space with robotic arms that they controlled directly with brain activity. They used the BrainGate neural interface system, an investigational device currently being studied under an IDE. One participant used the system to serve herself coffee for the first time since becoming paralyzed nearly 15 years ago.
• ‘Gaydar’ automatic and more accurate for women’s faces; Accurate even when faces were upside down, psychologists find
  After seeing faces for less than a blink of an eye, college students have accuracy greater than mere chance in judging others’ sexual orientation. Their “gaydar” persisted even when they saw the photos upside-down, and gay versus straight judgments were more accurate for women’s faces than for men’s.
• Chocolate and diamonds: Why volcanoes could be ‘a girl’s best friend’
  Scientists have discovered a previously unrecognized volcanic process, similar to one that is used in chocolate manufacturing, which gives important new insights into the dynamics of volcanic eruptions. The scientists investigated how a process called ‘fluidized spray granulation’ can occur during kimberlite eruptions to produce well-rounded particles containing fragments from the Earth’s mantle, most notably diamonds.

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• Mural found on walls a first for a Maya dwelling; Painted numbers reflect calendar reaching well beyond 2012
  A vast city built by the ancient Maya and discovered nearly a century ago is finally starting to yield its secrets. Excavating for the first time in the sprawling complex of Xultún in Guatemala’s Petén region, archaeologists have uncovered a structure that contains what appears to be a work space for the town’s scribe, its walls adorned with unique paintings — one depicting a lineup of men in black uniforms — and hundreds of scrawled numbers. Many are calculations relating to the Maya calendar.
• Gut-throat competition: Native bacteria fend off invaders, suggesting new way to stop dangerous forms of E. coli
  From tiny villages in developing nations to suburban kitchens in the U.S., dangerous strains of E. coli bacteria sicken millions of people each year – and kill untold numbers of children. Now, new research gives scientists a better understanding of what is going on in the diarrhea-wracked guts of its victims, and what might be done to prevent or treat it.
• New twist on ancient math problem could improve medicine, microelectronics
  A hidden facet of a math problem that goes back to Sanskrit scrolls has just been exposed by nanotechnology researchers.
• Chimpanzee cultures differ between neighbors: Neighboring chimpanzee groups use different hammers to crack nuts
  Culture has long been proposed to be a distinguishing feature of the human species. However, an increasing amount of evidence from the field has shown that in several animals, differences in behaviors between populations actually reflect the presence of culture in these species. These studies have mainly come from populations that live far apart from each other which make it difficult to exclude ecological or genetic differences as being the underlying reasons for the observed behavioral differences.
• Smart phones are changing real world privacy settings
  Smartphone users have a radically different conception of behavior in public spaces than their conventional phone counterparts. They are more likely to reveal private information in public spaces, and less likely to believe that their digital conversations are irritating to those around them.
• Regenerative medicine: Could the ways animals regenerate hair and feathers help restore human fingers and toes?
  A review article that examines what’s known about regenerative biology and applies it to regenerative medicine. Perhaps this knowledge could one day be used to regrow lost body parts.
• Five-limbed brittle stars move bilaterally, like people
  Brittle stars and people have something in common: They move in fundamentally similar ways. Though not bilaterally symmetrical like humans and many other animals, brittle stars have come up with a mechanism to choose any of its five limbs to direct its movement on the seabed. It’s as if each arm can be the creature’s front, capable of locomotion and charting direction.
• Chimpanzee uses innovative foresighted methods to fool humans
  Chimpanzee Santino achieved international fame in 2009 for his habit of gathering stones and manufacturing concrete projectiles to throw at zoo visitors. A new study shows that Santino’s innovativeness when he plans his stone-throwing is greater than researchers have previously observed. He not only gathers stones and manufactures projectiles in advance; he also finds innovative ways of fooling the visitors.
• Mini-projector for smartphones
  Their very small displays sometimes make smartphones diffi cult to operate. In the future, a projector will help: if the cell phone is standing on a table, for instance, it can project a large-format display onto the table surface. The user will have the option of operating the smartphone via the projection function or from the display screen itself.

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• Early spring means more bat girls
  A study on bats suggests that bats produce twice as many female babies as male ones in years when spring comes early.
• Largest known crocodile could swallow a human
  A crocodile large enough to swallow humans once lived in East Africa, according to new research. It may have exceeded 27 feet in length. By comparison, the largest recorded Nile crocodile was less than 21 feet, and most are much smaller.
• Why Saturday’s ‘supermoon’ will be beautiful, but not super
  Yes, it will be marginally brighter and larger, but Saturday’s so-called “supermoon” is not going to be noticeably different from the full moon of the month before or after. An astronomer explains that a “supermoon” typically happens once a year, when the moon’s elliptical orbit comes closest to Earth during a full moon. But the nickname makes it sound like a much bigger deal than it actually is.
• What is your dog thinking? Brain scans unleash canine secrets
  Researchers have developed a new methodology to scan the brains of alert dogs and explore the minds of the oldest domesticated species. The technique uses harmless functional magnetic resonance imaging, the same tool that is unlocking secrets of the human brain. The brain images of a fully awake, unrestrained dog, thought to be the first, opens up a door for understanding canine cognition and inter-species communication.
• Less is more, for female cowbirds: Findings contradict sexual selection theory
  More modest male displays attract the females when it comes to brown-headed cowbirds, contrary to sexual selection theory, according to new research. While sexual selection theory predicts that females should find more flamboyant displays the most sexually attractive, the opposite holds true for brown-headed cowbirds, a small songbird common in North America.
• ‘Smart doorknobs’ and gesture-controlled smartphones: Revolutionary technology enables objects to know your touch
  A doorknob that knows whether to lock or unlock based on how it is grasped, a smartphone that silences itself if the user holds a finger to her lips and a chair that adjusts room lighting based on recognizing if a user is reclining or leaning forward are among the many possible applications of Touché, a new sensing technique.
• Flying 3-D eye-bots
  They can be deployed as additional surveillance resources during major events, or as high-resolution 3-D street imaging systems. Intelligent swarms of aerial drones are a universally useful tool for police, crisis managers and urban planners. Special 3-D sensors ensure flawless aerobatics and prevent collisions.
• Life-size 3-D hologram-like telepods may revolutionize videoconferencing in the future
  Imagine a Star Trek-like human-scale 3-D videoconferencing pod that allows people in different locations to video conference as if they are standing in front of each other. “Why Skype when you can talk to a life-size 3-D holographic image of another person?” says one of the inventors.
• Evolution of sex differences: Battles of sexes shown to spur adaptive sex differences
  Male water striders benefit by mating frequently, females by mating infrequently: both have developed traits to give them the upper hand. The researchers modified a gene involved in the development of antennae in male water striders and found that as the antennae became more elaborate, mating success increased. The study is unusual in that it describes a direct linkage between known forces of selection, evolutionary change morphology, and its underlying genetic basis.

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• Orientation of ants: Every cue counts
  Foraging desert ants always find their way back to the nest, even when it is only marked by a magnetic cue, vibration, or carbon dioxide.
• Tracking pedestrians indoors using their smart phones
  The next generation of smart phone could combine the data from its gyroscopes with a built-in compass to allow you to track your movements when indoors even without GPS. Such a system could be useful for shopping mall managers, factory bosses for worker safety and security and office workers hoping to manage the flow of people through buildings. It could also be used to enable location based services and to help users navigate to specific meeting points or shops.
• Revisiting LSD as a treatment for alcoholism
  Several decades ago, a number of clinics used LSD to treat alcoholism with some success. But until now, no research has pulled together the results of these trials to document exactly how effective LSD was. Now a new meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of the drug provides evidence for a clear and consistent beneficial effect of LSD for treating alcohol dependency.
• Insects have ‘personalities’ too, research on novelty-seeking honey bees indicates
  Thrill-seeking is not limited to humans and other vertebrates, new research suggests. Some honey bees, too, are more likely than others to seek adventure. The brains of these novelty-seeking bees exhibit distinct patterns of gene activity in molecular pathways known to be associated with thrill-seeking in humans, researchers report.
• Iridescent, feathered dinosaur offers fresh evidence that feathers evolved to attract mates
  Researchers have revealed that the small, feathered dinosaur Microraptor had a glossy iridescent sheen like a modern crow and that its tail was narrow and adorned with a pair of streamer feathers, suggesting feathers originally evolved for display, rather than flight. The new fossil is the earliest record of iridescent color in feathers.
• Origami-inspired paper sensor could test for malaria and HIV for less than 10 cents, report chemists
  Inspired by the paper-folding art of origami, chemists have developed a 3-D paper sensor that may be able to test for diseases such as malaria and HIV for less than 10 cents a pop. The sensors can be printed out on an office printer, and take less than a minute to assemble.
• Chimpanzees have police officers, too
  Chimpanzees are interested in social cohesion and have various strategies to guarantee the stability of their group. Anthropologists now reveal that chimpanzees mediate conflicts between other group members, not for their own direct benefit, but rather to preserve the peace within the group. Their impartial intervention in a conflict — so-called “policing” — can be regarded as an early evolutionary form of moral behavior.
• Teaching fat cells to burn calories: New target against obesity involves brown fat
  In the war against obesity, one’s own fat cells may seem an unlikely ally, but new research suggests ordinary fat cells can be reengineered to burn calories.
• First spectroscopic measurement of an anti-atom
  Scientists have captured and held atoms of antihydrogen, a single antiproton orbited by a single positron. Now, by measuring antihydrogen’s hyperfine structure, they have achieved another first in antimatter science with the very first measurements of the energy spectrum of an anti-atom.

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